The
Arrogance of Power** and the Three Waves of American Arrogance
Dr. Mohammed Berween Emeritus Professor of Politics
and Administration
Texas A&M International University,
Texas, USA
First: The Concept and Components
of Arrogance
1. The Concept Arrogance, as a
general concept, means conceit and looking down upon others. It leads to
boasting, indifference, blackmail, and haughtiness, and the inevitable end
result is disintegration and collapse. In other words, the arrogant person
always tries to:
a. Display his excessive
pride and believe he is above the law.
b. Show contempt and
disdain for the opinions of those he considers inferior, and exaggerates their
importance, abilities, and knowledge.
c. Believe they are
infallible and know everything.
d. Inflate his ego and
self-worth.
e. Feel no remorse and
fail to recognize that his behavior is
problematic.
2. Pillars The pillars referred to the
"foundations" or "basic elements" that constitute the
"phenomenon of arrogance." Perhaps the most important of these
pillars are the following:
a.
Entitlement
The arrogant person
believes that his power gives him the right to interfere in the affairs
of others.
b.
Superiority The arrogant person refuses to learn from others and always claims to be superior and elevated.
c.
Priority The arrogant person prioritizes his own ideas and suggestions,
preferring them over others.
d. Inferiority The arrogant person always tries to place others in a lower rank (or position) than himself.
e.
Ridicule The arrogant person always tries to ridicule, insult, and provoke
everything around him.
f.
Extortion The arrogant person seeks to obtain the largest share from others
without giving anything in return.
g.
Brutality The arrogant person carries out their actions and behaviors with brute force, excessive cruelty, and
deliberate meanness.
h.
Delusion The
arrogant person has a fantastical sense of self that drives him to
exaggerate and form unrealistic and contradictory ideas.
j. Fear The arrogant person's constant feeling of insecurity, fear, panic, and instability.
k.
Isolation The
arrogant person always prefers isolation and distancing himself from people.
3. Tools Arrogant person has
many tools that it can use to achieve its goals, perhaps the most important of
which are the following:
1. Ignorance The primary and main tool of the arrogance of
power is "ignorance." This does not refer to ignorance related to the
inability to read and write, nor does it mean that a person has a "small
amount" of information, nor does it mean that a person lacks "true
knowledge" of things. Rather, it means the "systematic manufacturing of ignorance,"
meaning the creation of ignorance that results in raising a person whose most
important characteristics are:
(a) speaking before
listening,
(b) talking a lot but
saying nothing useful,
(c) opposing before
understanding,
(d) judging (or giving
opinions on) everything they do not know.
Therefore, the phenomenon of
"intelligence manipulation" can be considered one of the most
dangerous forms of ignorance in the modern era, because it cultivates (or
produces) a "fake" and "pretender" individual who pretends to
be educated and an expert, but in reality, lives in ignorance, illusion, and
delusion. Perhaps one of the most important and dangerous tools of modern
ignorance manipulation, widespread everywhere these days, is what is known as
"Content Creation." In
reality, it is nothing more than a tool and a type of "false packaging of
facts and realities" for marketing and promotion, by disseminating the
half-truths desired by the creator!
Most people understand that
"half a truth is more dangerous than a complete lie." The
ultimate goal of this "malicious tool" is to attempt to transform the
"information recipient" from a mature, independent individual capable
of thinking, producing, and creating, into an "ignorant and
programmed" person, so that they become merely a replica of the products
of what is known today as "artificial intelligence." Thus,
individuals in society become mere "herds," and the individual within
them becomes simply a "replica" from all members of society,” and the
only difference between these individuals becomes the “amount of information”
that each individual in society possesses, and thus “giant programming
centers,” such as “ChatGBT,” “Meta,” “Google,”
and others, become the main and only sources of the degree of knowledge,
intelligence, and creativity of thousands
of individuals in any society.
2. Power The second primary tool of arrogance is "power" in its various
forms, especially diplomatic, media, military, economic, financial, and
intelligence. This means that "rulers" who possess power become
arrogant because they feel (and some believe) that their power gives them the
right to interfere in the affairs of individuals (or countries) less powerful
than themselves.
3. Bullying The third primary tool of arrogance is "bullying," which means
using words, behaviors, or actions in a repeated and deliberate hostile manner
against others to harass them, threaten their safety, and make them feel
helpless. In other words, a bully deliberately tries to harm others in every
way possible, with aggressive, boastful, and irritating behavior towards anyone
weaker than him. Perhaps the most important characteristics of a bully are:
(1) Quick to blame
everyone around them,
(2) A lack of empathy or understanding of others'
feelings,
(3) A refusal to take
responsibility for their actions and behaviors.
In short, it can be
said that "arrogance" is a human tendency present in every person! It is linked to the degree of
wealth, power, and influence a person possesses. In other words, the more
power, wealth, and influence a person has, the more self-sufficient they
become, and this often leads to increased tyranny and arrogance. God Almighty
reminded us of the danger of this "human tendency" when He said in
His wise Book: "Nay, but man does transgress all bounds, in that he looks
upon himself as self-sufficient" (Al-Alaq, 6). This means that as soon as
a person sees themselves as self-sufficient, having acquired wealth, power, and
influence, he will overstep his bounds,
become arrogant towards their Lord, and oppress everyone around him.
Therefore, it is
perhaps necessary to try to understand and measure the degree of arrogance practiced by each
politician in his country, by conducting opinion polls to determine the extent
of this dangerous and harmful tendency. In this regard, I would suggest several
measurement tools that can be used, and
I would call them the "Arrogance Assessment
Indicators", as they are in the following table (1):
Three
Waves of American Arrogance
Before discussing the three waves of American
arrogance, it is perhaps appropriate to remind the reader that the most
important factor in the success (or failure) of nations throughout history is
their political leaders (i.e., their presidents). This is why the American
historian Stevenson, in a 1984 study, states that American history is, to a
large extent, the history of the American presidency - the history of men who
rose to the demands of their era in the office that granted them the power of governance
(Stevenson 1984, 18).
From this premise, it can be said that
"The
history of nations is made by their rulers,"
Therefore, the arrogance of power that America
has experienced (and continues to experience) is, in reality, a product of the
policies and behaviors of its presidents. To illustrate this, let us point to
the three most dangerous waves of arrogance of power that America has
experienced since the mid-20th century.
The
First Wave of American Arrogance
This first wave of American arrogance began in
1961 when President John F. Kennedy launched his military campaign in Vietnam to
support the nationalist government against the communist insurgency. It lasted
for more than 22 years. As a result of this in 1966, Senator J. William Fulbright
(1905-1995) authored a book titled "The Arrogance of Power," in which
he argued that his country had adopted President Theodore Roosevelt's vision of
"American Exceptionalism,"
an idea that assumed America's greatness lay in its "Exceptional Character." The senator
termed this "arrogance of power," thus becoming the first and most
prominent public critic of his country's foreign policy. He summarized
the reasons and objectives for his opposition to this arrogance as follows:
1. Ignorance,
fear, and a lack of trust in the outside world.
2. The mistaken
belief in America's cultural and military superiority through its wealth and
dominance.
3. America's
boasting about demonizing the Chinese because of their aggressive statements,
yet America's war in Vietnam demonstrated that it was even more demonic than
the Chinese.
4. An unwise waste
of blood and treasure, and a model of American obsession and fear of communism.
5. It caused
immense damage. The United States and its foreign policies.
The Vietnam War was a long, bloody, and costly
conflict for the United States, and a major flashpoint that led to the Cold
War, in which the US sought to prevent the spread of communism in Southeast
Asia and the Middle East. The war reached its peak in 1969 when the US deployed
more than 543,000 troops. Among the war's casualties, Vietnam, in its
official 1995 estimate, put the death toll at up to two million civilians on
both sides, and approximately 1.1 million North Vietnamese combatants. The US
military estimated the deaths of between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers
(Encyclopedia Britannica, 2025).
The US lost more than 58,000 soldiers and
spent an estimated $111 billion. Total military spending on the war, including
regular expenses, reached $828 billion, according to a BBC report. During this
war, the United States dropped an estimated 7.5 million tons of bombs.
Surprisingly, at the end of this brutal war, after 22 years, President Richard
Nixon was forced to end it on January 23, 1973, without achieving the desired
final victory! This resulted in the unification of Vietnam
(North and South) under the communist banner in July 1976. The United States
lost the war due to the arrogance of its leaders, their ignorance of the
nature of the conflict, and their inability to adapt to it.
The
Second Wave of American Arrogance
In the second wave of American
arrogance, the US presidency launched two wars in the Middle East, the results
of which were disastrous for the interests of the United States and the
countries of the region as a whole!
First: The War on
Afghanistan On October 7, 2001,
President George W. Bush (the son) announced the invasion of Afghanistan,
raising the slogan:
"You're
either with us or against us."
Its most important declared
objectives were:
(a) Dismantling al-Qaeda,
which carried out the September 11 attacks under the leadership of
Osama bin Laden;
(b) Denying Islamists a
safe haven in Afghanistan;
(c) Overthrowing the
ruling Taliban government in Afghanistan.
The war lasted 20 years (from
2001 to 2021), resulting in heavy losses for the United States and its allies,
perhaps the most significant of which were:
* The US dropped more
than 24,000 bombs (13,000
of which were precision-guided);
* It conducted 55,150
sorties.
* The financial costs of
the war were estimated at over two trillion
dollars.
Historians consider this war one
of the longest in modern history - longer than World War I, World War II, and
the Vietnam War combined.
Ironically, at the end of this
long and costly war, the United States was forced to withdraw from Afghanistan,
and the Taliban government (which the US had invaded to overthrow) declared
victory and resumed ruling the country as it saw fit.
Second: The War on
Iraq Surprisingly, US
President George W. Bush (the son) was not content with invading Afghanistan on
October 7, 2001, but decided to launch a second war on Iraq on March 20, 2003!
Why?
The main (and declared)
justifications for this war were:
(a) To hinder Saddam
Hussein's government's ability to produce chemical, biological, and
nuclear weapons;
(b) The belief that Iraq
possessed weapons of mass destruction and thus posed a threat to international
peace;
(c) The belief that Iraq
had ties to terrorist groups such as al-Qaeda.
Strangely, it later turned out
that:
·
All these claims were
baseless!
·
And that all the
evidence was fabricated.
Even more astonishing, during
this war, America dropped 29,199 bombs (19,040 of which were precision-guided).
In this regard, The New York
Times commented that the number of bombs dropped on Iraq "exceeds what was
used in the entirety of World War II" (see: John Keffner, The New York
Times, February 4, 1991, p. 1). And according to the US Department of Defense,
the amount the United States spent directly on the war in Iraq from fiscal year
2003 to fiscal year 2012 was estimated at $728 billion (NBC News, 2025).
Worse still, this war resulted in
the deaths of many Iraqis, estimated at around 35,000 military personnel and
more than 200,000 Iraqi civilians. (It is important to note that there are
significant discrepancies in estimates of the number of deaths in the invasion
and occupation of Iraq, and I believe the main reason for this is that human
life has no value in the Arab world).
Ironically, the ultimate result
of this arrogance was America's withdrawal from Iraq after losing its
credibility and true standing among the nations and peoples of the world. It
became clear to everyone that the stated claims and reasons for launching this
war were false, and most of them fabricated. All of this forced America to
leave Iraq after wreaking havoc and destruction, and sowing the seeds of chaos
and deadly strife. Even more astonishing is that it handed Iraq over to its
bitter enemy – Iran. And since then, Iran has dominated Iraqi politics without
firing a single shot in this disastrous war!
The Third Wave of
American Arrogance Perhaps the best
embodiment of American arrogance these days is the behavior of President Donald
Trump, especially on the international stage. To understand the extent of this
arrogance and its danger to the United States as a nation and to its future, let's
shed some light on its most important indicators.
First: The
Indicator of Entitlement The first indicator that demonstrates the
degree of arrogance practiced by
President Donald Trump is his belief in America's entitlement to do whatever it
wants, whenever it wants! There are many examples of this, including:
(1) President Donald Trump's declaration, without any regard for
international laws and norms, that he would annex Greenland to the United
States. Greenland has belonged to the Kingdom of Denmark since 1775, and was
loaned to the United States for use in World War II in 1941, becoming a base
for the American Air Force ever since. This declaration prompted the Danish
authorities to respond by saying:
"Our
island is not for sale."
(2) The second example is
the claim President Donald Trump asserted America’s right to act as it pleases
and whenever it pleases! In a post he published on the “Truth Social” website,
he said: “American ships, both military and commercial, should be allowed to
pass freely through the Panama and Suez Canals, and he asked his Secretary of
State, Marco Rubio, to address this situation immediately” (Shahira, 2025),
even though US President Jimmy Carter signed, in 1977, a treaty with the
Panamanian government to return the canal zone to Panama.
Second: The
Arrogance Indicator The second indicator of the degree of
arrogance displayed by President Donald Trump is his pretense of superiority in
his behavior and interactions with the kings and heads of state received at the
White House. For example, on February 11, 2025, he placed King Abdullah II of
Jordan in a distressing and embarrassing situation, to the point that the
king's face and eyes trembled with intense anxiety. When journalists asked the
king:
·
Do you agree with what
President Trump said?
·
Is your country
prepared to receive some of the Gazan population on its territory?
·
Are you in favor of
expelling the people of Gaza from their land?
The king became flustered and
refused to answer, and concluded the meeting by thanking President Trump for
all his efforts and attempts!
Another example of President
Donald Trump's use of a condescending tone is his harsh criticism of Ukrainian
President Zelensky when the latter stated he would not recognize Russian
control of Crimea. Trump described these statements as very damaging to the
peace negotiations with Russia and said they would make resolving the conflict
extremely difficult (Klein & Atwood, 2025).
Third: Indifference The third indicator of President Donald Trump's arrogance is his
indifference. He clearly does not give much thought to the consequences of his
words and decisions and their negative impact on America's future and its
domestic and foreign policies. Examples of such behavior are numerous,
including:
(1) What California
Governor Gavin Newsom posted on his X platform on June 9, 2025, addressing
President Trump: "If anyone is disrespecting our troops, it's you."
He continued, "You sent your troops here without fuel, without food,
without water, and without a place to sleep. This isn't about public safety;
it's about exploiting the ego of a dangerous president. This is
reckless, pointless, and disrespectful to our troops."
(2) Regarding the
imposition of tariffs on countries around the world, it seems that President
Donald Trump doesn't understand how these tariffs work and their consequences.
He seems to have forgotten (or chosen to ignore) that they are a type of
domestic tax, and that it is the average American consumer who will pay for
them. In other words, it is American consumers, not Chinese, European,
Canadian, or Arab consumers, who will bear the cost of these tariffs.
(3) The third example
concerns President Donald Trump's indifference to America's standing in Africa.
On June 9, 2025, Troy Vitrell, Acting Assistant Secretary of State for African
Affairs, declared before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that the United
States had lost ground to China in Africa. On the same day, President Donald
Trump issued a travel ban list, which included seven African countries, without
providing any logical justification for the ban.
Fourth: The
Arrogance Indicator The fourth indicator of President Donald Trump's arrogance is his
condescending attitude towards other nations and peoples. For example, on July 9, 2025, the President met with
five African leaders at the White House—the leaders of Gabon, Guinea-Bissau,
Liberia, Mauritania, and Senegal. President Trump's discussion focused on only
two main issues:
(1) Trade, not aid; and,
(2) Imposing a 10% tariff
on goods exported to the United States from
these countries.
Although they agreed
to everything he said and asked of them, President Trump treated them with
considerable arrogance and condescension. For example, he expressed surprise
and astonishment at Mr. Boakai's (the President of Liberia) English speaking
skills, despite English being the official language of Liberia, a country
founded in the early 19th century (before the founding of America) to settle
slaves whom slave traders at the time could not transport and sell to Europe. A
second example of President Donald Trump's condescending manner of addressing
others is his warning to the Iranian people and authorities against "not
agreeing to a nuclear deal before everything is finalized," indicating
that future Israeli attacks on Iran would be "more brutal" (Klein and
Atwood, 2025).
Fifth: The
Indicator of Disdain The fifth indicator
that demonstrates the degree of arrogance practiced by President Donald Trump is his disdain
for international norms and agreements. During the first months of his second
term, President Trump broke – perhaps irreparably – the economic and strategic
trust between the United States and its allies. This is evidenced by his
criticism of the policies of Canada and Mexico, America's two largest trading
partners, as he threatened them with imposing near-universal tariffs of 25%.
Canada and Mexico considered this a clear breach of trust and of the
US-Mexico-Canada Agreement, which President Donald personally signed in 2020.
Sixth: The Boast
Indicator The sixth indicator of
President Donald Trump’s arrogance is boasting. For
example, when journalists asked President Trump on April 28, 2025, who he
thought deserved to succeed the late Pope Francis, he replied without
hesitation: “I would like to be Pope. That would be my first choice.” He added:
My first choices for the next Pope are: [Me, Myself, and I], “Yes, I would like
to be the next Pope, and I would be a great Pope.” The strange thing about this
is that President Donald Trump seems to have forgotten the fact that he is not Catholic
and that he defines himself as a non-denominational Christian (Wickman, 2025).
Seventh: The
Inferiority Indicator The seventh indicator
of the degree of arrogance displayed by President Donald Trump is his
inferiority complex. There are many examples of this, including, for instance:
(1) his approach to the war on Gaza. He was initially quite clear, openly
announcing his plans to "control" the Gaza Strip and redevelop it
into what he called: "The new Riviera of the Middle East." He
clarified that the people of Gaza would have no right to return to the rebuilt
Strip and publicly called for the expulsion of Palestinians from the territory,
arguing that "the Middle East will be stable if the United States owns the
Gaza Strip, if people don't live there, and Hamas won't be there because there
won't be anyone there." He pledged to give some of it to Saudi Arabia
because he would receive funding from them to rebuild Gaza. He also suggested
resettling the residents of Gaza in other parts of the Middle East (Weissert, 2025).
(2) Another example of President Donald Trump's use of condescending
language is his comparison of Russia and Ukraine to children fighting. He said
there was nothing the United States could do to end the war. He said,
"Sometimes it's better to let them fight for a while and then break them
up" (Jonathan Swan, June 5, 2025, The New York Times). However, two weeks
later, on July 28, 2025, he announced he would give President Putin 10 or 20
days to end the war in Ukraine. That deadline passed, and he was unable to do
anything to end the war as he wished.
Eighth: The
Blackmail Indicator The eighth indicator
of the degree of arrogance practiced by President Donald Trump is blackmail.
There are many examples of this, including President Trump's conduct during a
heated and provocative meeting at the White House with the President of South Africa
on May 25, 2025. He presented what he claimed was "evidence" of mass
killings targeting white farmers in South Africa, but it later emerged that
some of it consisted of photos and videos from elsewhere. Furthermore,
President Trump held up a printed copy of an article with a photograph, saying,
"These are all white farmers being buried," referring to mass
killings in South Africa. Tragically, the photograph he used was actually taken
from a video published by Reuters on February 3, 2025, showing humanitarian
workers carrying body bags in the Congolese city of Goma, following deadly
clashes with Rwandan-backed rebels. All of this has provoked the ire of the
South African government, which denies these claims, considering them part of a
far-right conspiracy theory unsupported by facts or credible evidence (see: BBC
and Al Arabiya, 2025).
Ninth: The
Protectionist Indicator The ninth indicator
demonstrating the degree of arrogance practiced by President Donald Trump is
protectionism. On April 2, 2025, he declared a national emergency to enhance
America's competitiveness, protect its sovereignty and national and economic
security, and seek to apply the principle of reciprocity to rebuild the
economy. He declared that foreign trade and economic practices had created a
national emergency, and that in response, tariffs had to be imposed to
strengthen the United States' international economic standing and protect
American workers (see: Fact-Sheet,
The White House, 2025).
Tenth: The Ridicule
Index The tenth indicator of
President Donald Trump's arrogance is his use of ridicule and mockery. For
example, he vehemently criticized and ridiculed Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the
Supreme Leader of the Iranian Revolution, for declaring that Iran had won its
recent war with Israel. President Trump unleashed a torrent of insults against
the Supreme Leader (Truth Social, June
27, 2025), claiming that he had saved Khamenei from a very ugly and shameful
death, and accusing him of lying blatantly and stupidly (Al Jazeera, 2025). The
second example is the mockery by American administrations of the situation in
which Palestinians live under Israeli occupation since 1948. Perhaps the best
example of this is their use of the veto in the Security Council to protect
Israeli interests. The United States used the veto (until November 2024) 87 times, including 49 times against
resolutions condemning Israel (Veto, 2024).
The Conclusion To conclude let me emphasize
that, arrogance - as I mentioned above - is:
• A human tendency present in all people,
• A harmful
psychological and social phenomenon at all levels - individuals, groups, and nations,
• Linked to the degree
of wealth, power, and influence possessed by an individual, group, or
nation,
• The more power,
wealth, and influence a person possesses, the more arrogant and tyrannical they become towards
those around them,
• Ultimately, it leads
to inevitable failure, disintegration, and collapse.
Anyone observing the
"arrogance of American power," under the leadership of President
Donald Trump these days, will notice that it has become excessive, resulting in
unrealistic and irrational actions. In my humble opinion, if it continues, it will
harm America and its standing in the international community, leading to
insecurity and the misuse of excessive force in this already unstable world.
This will make what is known as the "international community" even
more chaotic, where only the strongest survive.
From the foregoing, the following
lessons and conclusions can be drawn:
First: Arrogance is not a
sign of "strength," but
rather a product of deliberate and systematic ignorance.
Second: Arrogance is not a
sign of "confidence," but
rather a compensation for low self-esteem.
Third: Arrogance is not a
sign of "greatness," but
rather an indicator of weakness and fear.
Fourth: The arrogance
practiced by the United States of America under the leadership of President
Donald Trump these days will inevitably lead to:
1. The end of the
"globalization theory" that has dominated international relations
since the 1980s, during which the "unipolar world" led by the United
States of America since 1990 prevailed.
2. The end of what is
known as the "Soft Financial System" that has led to
the dominance of the US dollar since the 1970s.
3. The end of the United
States as an "Attractive Nation,"
and it may, God
forbid, transform into a "Repulsive Nation."
Anyone who has lived
in America or studied its history knows that the secret to
its success is its "attractiveness," based on: Openness to all, Freedom of
expression, Providing opportunities, Competition in the market, and diversity
through unity.
4. The transformation of
the United States under Trump - as Professor Tony
Dukan-Morgan, a professor in the Department of Communications at
the University of Wisconsin, states - into an "untrustworthy nation"
(Tony Dukan-Morgan, 2018).
5. The restructuring of
the global order based on a "Bipolar System,"
with the first pole led by the
United States and the European Union. The second pole will be led by the
BRICS organization and other affiliated
countries.
Therefore, the leaders of the
United States, foremost among them President Donald Trump, must:
(1) Not be deceived by the arrogance and might of the power they possess, for everyone knows
they are powerful.
(2) They should not believe the myth that "Might
Makes Right."
(3) They should learn from past empires throughout history that collapsed when they became arrogant.
(4) They must remember
that the challenge facing the United States is not proving that it is
a powerful nation capable of doing whatever it wants, but rather how to
maintain its strength and leadership, thus becoming a great nation and leader
of the free world once again.
This is the challenge
facing the leaders of the United States of America, foremost among them
President Donald Trump. In the coming years, they must remember the golden
rule:
"If
it had lasted for others, it wouldn't have reached you."
Finally, my dear friends,
don't forget that this
is merely an opinion,
I believe it is right,
but I accept any
better opinion,
and I respect all
other opinions that differ with mine.
==============
References
**This article was published (in Arabic) in my Facebook Page, on
July 27, 2025.
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تحقيق يكشف
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Trump Meeting with Jordan King
https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/02/12/gaza-trump-forces-king-abdullah-ii-of-jordan-into-diplomatic-contortions_6738063_4.html
Jonathan Swan, June 5, 2025, The
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Reuters. July 07, 2025
جوناثان سوان، 5 يونيو
2025،
صحيفة نيويورك تايمز
Tony Docan Morgan, University of
Wisconsin
https://www.uwlax.edu/currents/how-often-do-people-lie/
Susan A. Hughes, March 11, 2025. Why the Panama Canal is on President Trump's agenda https://www.hks.harvard.edu/faculty-research/policy-topics/international-relations-security/why-panama-canal-president-trumps
